Many friends who use walkie talkies often have the question: How far is the communication distance of walkie talkies? In fact, in the field of wireless communication, there is generally no concept of “walkie talkie distance” because walkie talkies rely on radio waves to transmit signals, which can be obstructed and interfered with by many factors, affecting the actual communication distance. The communication distance of walkie talkies is difficult to define, but people are still very concerned about this issue. Today, Xiaohai will take you to understand the communication distance in an ideal communication environment:
Professional walkie talkies are usually designed with a power of up to 4W or 5W depending on the frequency band. In open environments (without signal obstruction), the communication distance can reach 8-10 kilometers, and in ordinary urban road environments (with trees and buildings, etc.), the communication distance can reach 3-5 kilometers, depending on the communication environment. At the same time, professional walkie talkies can be connected to dedicated cluster networks to extend communication distance. In the coverage environment of the cluster network, the communication distance can reach tens of kilometers or even cover the entire city. The communication range depends on the coverage area of the dedicated cluster network.
The answer to the question of how far the communication distance between walkie talkies is relatively objective:
- Handheld walkie talkie
5w/4W transmission power: 3-5 kilometers in urban areas and 8-10 kilometers in open spaces
3w/2w transmission power: 1-3 kilometers in urban areas and 3-5 kilometers in open spaces
1w/0.5w transmission power: 500 meters to 2 kilometers in urban areas, 1-3 kilometers in open spaces
- Car Mobile Radio
50w/40w transmission power: 5-15 kilometers in urban areas and 10-25 kilometers in open spaces
25w/20w transmission power: 3-10 kilometers in urban areas and 5-15 kilometers in open spaces
10w/5w transmission power: 1-5 kilometers in urban areas and 3-8 kilometers in open spaces
- Cluster intercom
The distance is very far, and it can basically communicate throughout the city. It is generally used for public security networks and requires high cluster networking costs
- Install the relay station
The cost of relay stations is relatively high, but handheld walkie talkies and car mounted walkie talkies can significantly increase the effective communication distance by using relay stations
What factors affect the communication distance and effectiveness of walkie talkies?
Factor 1: System Parameters
1) The higher the transmission power of the walkie talkie, the wider the coverage range of the transmitted signal, and the farther the communication distance. But the transmission power should not be too high. If the transmission power is too high, it will not only consume electricity and affect the life of the power amplifier components, but also have strong interference, affecting the communication effect of others and causing radiation pollution
2) The higher the receiving sensitivity of the walkie talkie, the farther the communication distance will be
3) The gain of an antenna, when matched with a machine, usually increases with an increase in antenna height, resulting in enhanced receiving or transmitting capabilities. The antenna used in handheld walkie talkies is generally a spiral antenna, which has a smaller bandwidth and gain than other types of antennas and is more susceptible to human interference
Factor 2: Environmental factors
Environmental factors mainly include tall buildings and outdoor paths in cities, density of trees, electromagnetic interference in the environment, weather conditions, and terrain differences. These factors, along with other parameters, directly affect the field strength and coverage range of signals
Factor 3: Other influencing factors
1) The walkie talkie battery is low, and when the battery is low, the call quality will deteriorate
2) Antenna matching, inconsistency between the frequency band of the antenna and the machine frequency band, and mismatch in antenna impedance can seriously affect the communication distance
3) The quality of sound mainly depends on the pre emphasis and de emphasis circuits. Currently, there are more advanced speech processing circuits, such as the application of speech compression and low-level expansion circuits, which have a good effect on fidelity speech
